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Accordion Feature

An accordion feature — also called an incremental facility — is a provision in a credit agreement that allows the borrower to increase the size of the existing loan facility without negotiating a new…

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Agrément

Agrément is the formal consent given by a receiving state before a sending state officially appoints an ambassador. No ambassador takes up post without it. The process is routine in stable bilateral…

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Bench Trial vs. Jury Trial

A bench trial is a trial decided by a judge alone, without a jury. A jury trial is decided by a panel of citizens. The choice between them — where one exists — is among the most consequential…

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Bill of Lading Variants

A bill of lading (B/L) is a shipping document that simultaneously functions as a receipt for cargo, a contract of carriage between shipper and carrier, and — in its negotiable form — a document of…

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Chargé d'Affaires ad Interim

A chargé d’affaires ad interim (often abbreviated CDA or chargé d’affaires a.i.) is the diplomat who temporarily leads an embassy in the absence of the ambassador. The position is common, often…

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Deaccession

Deaccessioning is the formal process by which a museum, library, or archive permanently removes an object or item from its collection. It is the institutional equivalent of deciding to sell, transfer,…

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Démarche

A démarche is a formal diplomatic step — a direct approach by one government to another, typically to register an objection, deliver a warning, or press for a specific action. It is one of the most…